PT.PELAYARAN SAMUDRA RAYA
ALAMAT : JALAN SIAM 11
HOTLINE : 085 23644 9997
MACAM DAN JENIS KAPAL KAPAL SERTA FUNGSI YG ADA DI DUNIA PELAYARAN
LOWONGAN KERJA PELAYARAN SAMUDRA RAYA saat ini : Banyak orang awan yg belum paham dgn scope kerja pelaut. dan
bahkan pelaut tsb yg baru terjun belum memahami dgn baik.makanya hari
ini aku mau nulis tentang yg satu ini tentang macam jenis kapal dan
fungsinya. kata istilah kapal adalah sarana alat angkut/tranfortasi yg
di gunakan sebagai kendaran di atas air baik yg mengunakan mesin atau
mengunakan layar sebagi tenaga penggerakanya. nah. kapal yg ada saat ini
macam macam typenya:
1.
tanker, is a ship designed to transport liquids in bulk. Major types
of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and the
liquefied natural gas carrier.
kapal tannker ini pun dalam pengangkutan di bagi bagi lagi dari jenis
atau typenya . juga akan berbeda beda. makin berbahaya muatan yg di
bawah maka system design kapal itu pun akan makin canggih. demi
keselamatan si awak kapal tsb.
2.
car carrier shi/ Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are vessels
designed to carry wheeled cargo such as automobiles, trucks,
semi-trailer trucks, trailers or railroad cars that are driven on and
off the ship on their own wheels. This is in contrast to lo-lo (lift
on-lift off) vessels which use a crane to load and unload cargo.
RORO vessels have built-in ramps which allow the cargo to be efficiently
"rolled on" and "rolled off" the vessel when in port. While smaller
ferries that operate across rivers and other short distances still often
have built-in ramps, the term RORO is generally reserved for larger
ocean-going vessels. The ramps and doors may be stern-only, or bow and
stern for quick loading.
3.
A ferry (or ferryboat) is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship,
used to carry (or ferry) passengers and their vehicles across a body
of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight (in lorries and
sometimes unpowered freight containers) and even railroad cars. Most
ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services. A foot-passenger
ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, is sometimes called a water
bus or water taxi.
3.
A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure
voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of
the experience. Cruising has become a major part of the tourism
industry, with millions of passengers each year. . Cruise ships operate
mostly on routes that return passengers to their originating port. In
contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do "line voyages"
and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather
than on round trips. Some cruise ships also engage in longer trips which
may not lead back to the same port for many months (longer round trips
4.
Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in
truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called
containerization. They form a common means of commercial intermodal
freight transport.dgn system containerization maka pemuatan dan
pembongkaran akan menjadi cepat. biasanya 4 s/d 6 jam kapal sudah siap
untuk berlayar kembali.
5.
A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially
designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal,
ore, and cement in its cargo holds. kelebihan dari kapal ini adalah
daya angkut yg besar karena broken stowagenya pun kecil.
6.
A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal
transport of heavy goods. Some barges are not self-propelled and need
to be towed by tugboats or pushed by towboats.
7.
Hopper barge is a kind of non-mechanical ship or vessel that cannot
move around by itself, unlike some other types of barges. Designed to
carry materials, like rocks, sand, soil and rubbish, for dumping into
the ocean, a river or lake for land reclamation.
8.
A heavy lift ship is a vessel designed to move loads that cannot be
handled by normally equipped ships. They are of two types:
semi-submersibles capable of lifting another ship out of the water and
transporting it; and vessels that augment unloading facilities at
inadequately equipped ports.
9.
A Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO; also
called a "unit" and a "system") is a type of floating tank system used
by the offshore oil and gas industry and designed to take all of the
oil or gas produced from nearby platforms or templates, process it, and
store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto a tanker or
transported through a pipeline.
10. A diving support vessel is a ship that is used as a floating base for professional diving projects
11.
A fireboat is a specialized watercraft, often resembling a tugboat,
with pumps and nozzles designed for fighting shoreline and shipboard
fires.
12.
A Platform supply vessel (often abbreviated as PSV) is a ship
specially designed to supply offshore oil platforms. These ships range
from 65 to 350 feet in length and accomplish a variety of tasks. The
primary function for most of these vessels is transportation of goods
and personnel to and from offshore oil platforms and other offshore
structures
13.
A tugboat (tug) is a boat that maneuvers vessels by pushing or towing
them. Tugs move vessels that should not move themselves alone, such as
ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that cannot move
themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, or oil platforms. Tugboats
are powerful for their size and strongly built, some are ocean-going.
Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats. Early tugboats had
steam engines; today diesel engines are used.
14.
A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to
lay underwater cables for telecommunications, electricity, and such. A
large superstructure, and one or more spools that feed off the transom,
distinguish it from other types of ship.
15.
A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship that is
specialized in lifting heavy loads. The largest crane vessels are often
used for offshore construction. The larger vessels are often
semi-submersibles, but also conventional monohulls are used. One of the
differences with a sheerleg is that the cranes can rotate.
16.
A drillship is a maritime vessel that has been fitted with drilling
apparatus. It is most often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or
gas wells in deep water or for scientific drilling. The drillship can
also be used as a platform to carry out well maintenance or completion
work such as casing and tubing installation or subsea tree
installations. It is often built to the design specification of the oil
production company and/or investors, but can also be a modified tanker
hull outfitted with a dynamic positioning system to maintain its
position over the well.Drillships are just one way to perform
exploratory drilling. This function can also be performed by
Semi-submersibles, jackup barges, barges, or platform rigs.
17.
Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at
least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the
purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a
different location.A dredge is a device for scraping or sucking the
seabed, Dredging can produce materials for land reclamation or other
purposes (usually construction-related),
18.
A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or
on a lake or river. Many different kinds of vessels are used in
commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.
19.
research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship designed and equipped to carry
out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles. Some
of these roles can be combined into a single vessel, others require a
dedicated vessel.
20.
Harbor tugs. Historically tugboats were the first seagoing vessels to
receive steam propulsion, freedom from the restraint of the wind, and
capability of going in any direction. As such, they were employed in
harbors to assist ships in docking and departure
Tugboats are
highly maneuverable, and various propulsion systems have been developed
to increase maneuverability and increase safety. The earliest tugs
were fitted with paddle wheels, but these were soon replaced by
propeller-driven tugs. Kort nozzles have been added to increase thrust
per kW/hp. This was followed by the nozzle-rudder, which omitted the
need for a conventional rudder. The cycloidal propeller was developed
prior to World War II and was occasionally used in tugs because of its
maneuverability. After World War II it was also linked to safety due to
the development of the Voith Water Tractor, a tugboat configuration
which could not be pulled over by its tow. In the late 1950s, the
Z-drive or (azimuth thruster) was developed. Although sometimes
referred to as the Schottel system, many brands exist: Schottel,
Z-Peller, Duckpeller, Thrustmaster, Ulstein, Wärtsilä, etc. The
propulsion systems are used on tugboats designed for tasks such as ship
docking and marine construction. Conventional propeller/rudder
configurations are more efficient for port-to-port towing.
21.
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries
cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of
cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle
the bulk of international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially
designed for the task, often being equipped with cranes and other
mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes
22.
A warship is a ship that is built and primarily intended for combat.
Warships are usually built in a completely different way than merchant
ships. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand
damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant
ships. Unlike a merchant ship, a warship typically only carries
weapons, ammunition and supplies for its own crew (rather than merchant
cargo). Warships usually belong to a navy
23. Sailing ship is now used to refer to any large wind-powered vessel.
In technical terms, a ship was a sailing vessel with a specific rig of
at least three masts, square rigged on all of them, making the sailing
adjective redundant. In popular usage "ship" became associated with all
large sailing vessels and when steam power came along the adjective
became necessary. Large sailing vessels which are not ship rigged may be
more appropriately called boats.
24.
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the
surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has only
limited underwater capability. The term submarine most commonly refers
to large crewed autonomous vessels; however, historically or more
casually, submarine can also refer to medium sized or smaller vessels
(midget submarines, wet subs), Remotely Operated Vehicles or robots. The
word submarine was originally an adjective meaning "under the sea",
and so consequently other uses such as "submarine engineering" or
"submarine cable" may not actually refer to submarines at all. Submarine
was shortened from the term "submarine boat".
25.
The Landing Craft, Tank (Landing Craft Tank) was an amphibious assault
ship for landing tanks on beachheads. The first examples appeared
during the Second World War. They were used by the Royal Navy and U.S.
Navy in World War II. The latter used them afterwards under different
designations in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. During WWII, they
were commonly called by their abbreviation, LCT.
kalau mau di jabarkan lagi, akan lebih panjang ceritanya seperti contoh
untuk satu kapal saja seperti tanker sudahh banyak jenisnya dari
Chemical tanker, Oil tanker, LNG carrier, LPG carrier, dan
sebagainya.rangkuman di atas hanya sekedar garis besarnya saja. yg
memudah orang mengenali dari scope kerja kapal kapal yg ada saat ini.
